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反思我的三个高中历史教学案例的有效性

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发表于 2009-12-17 21:31:25 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式

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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 100.35pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 8.33; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">反思我的三个高中历史教学案例的有效性<SPAN lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p>

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">内容提要:<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">案例与反思,是教师成长的两大法宝。本文反思了讲述、提问、教学方式采用的三个低效案例,思考实施高中历史教学有效性的途径,强调以学生为主体和出发点,针对学生特点来讲课、提问、选择教学方式,从教师行为上提高教学的有效性。<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">  <SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"> <o:p></o:p>

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"> <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">关键词:<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">高中历史教学、有效性、讲述法、问题情境、教学方式<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">  <SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p>

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"> <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">  <SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p>

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">    <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">低着头谨慎走路,会让我们摸不清方向,看不到周围同伴的努力,也看不到来路旖旎的风光;抬着头傲视前方,则会让我们忽视脚下的路,看不到可能出现的绊脚石,也看不到自身在荏苒岁月中留下的串串脚印。所以,我们走在历史教学的路上,要多回头追忆,多低头走路,多抬头看方向。在教学中,反思才能有进步,进步了更需要反思。好在我们不是在<SPAN lang=EN-US>“走路不看景、看景不走路<SPAN lang=EN-US>”的华山险道上,我们的工作相对安稳,环境也鼓励着我们<SPAN lang=EN-US>“边走边看<SPAN lang=EN-US>”。在这里,我把自己的三个教学案例拿出来,对其有效性进行反思,从反面对课堂教学的有效性进行探讨与分析。<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">  <SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p>

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"> <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">  <SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p>

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">第一例:我讲故我在<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">  <B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p>

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">   
    <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">尽管我很不愿意承认,也很不愿意坦白,但我不得不从实招来:还是有不少学生觉得我的高中历史课比较闷,不喜欢学历史。为了增加<SPAN lang=EN-US>“人气指数<SPAN lang=EN-US>”,我想了很多办法,但结果却不如人意,要么走极端,要么摸不着方向。我曾找了很多帮手来充实我的课堂:音乐、电影、表演、图片、朗诵、写板书、讲故事、竞赛、奖励<SPAN lang=EN-US>……但是,热闹是课堂的,脑瓜是空白的,心灵是空虚的,热闹之余深入不够。我也曾坚定地信仰<SPAN lang=EN-US>“我讲故我在<SPAN lang=EN-US>”,我以为,我讲给学生了,学生能否听懂或者是否在听,都是他自己的事情。<SPAN lang=EN-US>“师傅引进门,修行靠个人<SPAN lang=EN-US>”,他不听拉倒,反正学习是他自己的事情,学不会考不上大学也是他自己的事情。我讲了就算是尽职了。现在才幡然醒悟并羞愧着:这就是无效教学!确实,历史课中最基本最重要的工具是我的三寸不烂之舌,最基本最重要的方法是讲述法,但是,课不能乱讲!特别是试卷评讲课。<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">  <SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p>

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">    2006<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">年的第一场冬雨,比以往时候来得要晚一些,我拿着月考成绩单,步伐沉重地迈向高二(<SPAN lang=EN-US>5)班,地理班。这是早晨的第一节课:<SPAN lang=EN-US>7:<SPAN lang=EN-US>40-8:<SPAN lang=EN-US>20。地理班有<SPAN lang=EN-US>55个学生,拥有<SPAN lang=EN-US>“十五金刚<SPAN lang=EN-US>”。金刚者,学习习惯差、学习动力严重不足、只想混过日子也。<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">  <SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p>

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"> <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">  <SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p>

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">    <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">扭开教室的后门,扑鼻而来的是一阵康师傅花旗参方便面的味道。空气湿冷,紧闭的窗户外下着大雨,我从后门走向讲台,<SPAN lang=EN-US>“花旗参<SPAN lang=EN-US>”分子弥漫到每一个角落。有两三个女生匆忙地从书桌下抽出课本,其他人置我于不理。<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">  <SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p>

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">    <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">我用点名册敲敲讲台,示意他们坐回座位并安静。<SPAN lang=EN-US>“今天我们要评讲月考的试卷。这次考试,我们班出现了<SPAN lang=EN-US>‘两极分化<SPAN lang=EN-US>’的局面,好的好,差的差。希望通过评讲,同学们能够明确:对和错的理由是什么。<SPAN lang=EN-US>”学生拿到试卷后,对分数有了一阵骚动,之后我开始评讲:<SPAN lang=EN-US>“请看选择题第一道题,答案是<SPAN lang=EN-US>*,因为<SPAN lang=EN-US>……”<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">  <SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p>

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">“<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">第二题,答案是<SPAN lang=EN-US>*,因为<SPAN lang=EN-US>……”“第三题,答案是<SPAN lang=EN-US>*,因为<SPAN lang=EN-US>……”五个金刚睡了。<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">  <SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p>

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"> “<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">第四题,答案是<SPAN lang=EN-US>*,因为<SPAN lang=EN-US>……”“第五题,答案是<SPAN lang=EN-US>*,因为<SPAN lang=EN-US>……”十个金刚睡了。<SPAN lang=EN-US>“第六题,答案是<SPAN lang=EN-US>*,因为<SPAN lang=EN-US>……”这一回,不仅十五金刚睡了,不是金刚的学生神情也有些恍惚了。我决定提问。<SPAN lang=EN-US>“下面这道题请一位同学来讲一讲,黄冠,你选什么?<SPAN lang=EN-US>”黄冠站起来说:<SPAN lang=EN-US>“选<SPAN lang=EN-US>A。<SPAN lang=EN-US>”我赞赏地说:<SPAN lang=EN-US>“很好,选对了。为什么选<SPAN lang=EN-US>A呢?<SPAN lang=EN-US>”黄冠假装认真地说:<SPAN lang=EN-US>“我感觉<SPAN lang=EN-US>A是对的。<SPAN lang=EN-US>”我追问:<SPAN lang=EN-US>“为什么有这种感觉?<SPAN lang=EN-US>”“因为<SPAN lang=EN-US>A是答案。<SPAN lang=EN-US>”黄冠脱口而出。一些同学笑了起来,黄冠也狡猾地笑了。唉!他是存心捉弄我,我故作严肃地瞪着他。黄冠有些愧疚,说:<SPAN lang=EN-US>“其实,我是<SPAN lang=EN-US>‘点纸兵兵<SPAN lang=EN-US>’猜出来的。<SPAN lang=EN-US>”我一阵晕眩,只得让他坐下去。好在经过这一番舌战,学生都有了点精神。我继续评讲试卷。<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">  <SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p>

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">    <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">时间过去了<SPAN lang=EN-US>20分钟,金刚们又困了。我停下来叫他们睁开眼睛,严肃地说:<SPAN lang=EN-US>“想睡觉就不要选择三年高中!读高中是为了高考升大学的,你们这种状态,怎么跟人家争啊?我们起点低,但我们勤奋,我们认真。<SPAN lang=EN-US>‘早起的鸟儿有虫吃<SPAN lang=EN-US>’……” “早起的虫儿给鸟吃<SPAN lang=EN-US>”我正想说下去,詹明突然冒出了这么一句。全班哄堂大笑,睡觉的同学终于睁开了眼睛<SPAN lang=EN-US>……<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">  <SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p>

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">    <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">我回想起这一段,都无法设计自己当时的表情:该尴尬,该生气,该欣赏地笑,还是该严肃地斥责并把道理讲下去。表情已经不再重要,重要的是反思我课堂语言的单一、沉闷和乏味。当考试压力遭遇学生厌学、课时不够、教学任务重的时候,我们如何避免低效,讲出精彩,引领学生学到该学的历史知识与能力呢?<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">  <SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p>

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">    <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">聂幼犁教授曾在网上探讨<SPAN lang=EN-US>“历史的有效性教学<SPAN lang=EN-US>”的时候说:<SPAN lang=EN-US>“讲述法是一种基本的方法,关键是你讲什么,怎么讲,讲到什么程度。有的放矢地讲、饶有兴趣地讲、富有智慧地讲、充满情感地讲,讲得学生愿意听、听得进、想得明、悟得透是很好的啊!<SPAN lang=EN-US>”<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">  <SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p>

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">    <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">我所教的班级有三个层次,这要求我的讲课必须<SPAN lang=EN-US>“因材施教<SPAN lang=EN-US>”,在考虑课程标准和考纲要求的同时,充分考虑不同层次学生的特点,把最基本最简单的<SPAN lang=EN-US>“讲述法<SPAN lang=EN-US>”做到更受欢迎更有效果。<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">  <SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p>

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">第二例:问比答傻<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">  <B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p>

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"> <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">  <SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p>

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">    <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">在高中历史的课堂上,只有老师的讲是远远不够的,这样会变成<SPAN lang=EN-US>“满堂灌<SPAN lang=EN-US>”。新课程要求<SPAN lang=EN-US>“以学生为主体,以老师为主导,开展教学活动<SPAN lang=EN-US>”,课堂教学中,师生的互动不能没有<SPAN lang=EN-US>“问<SPAN lang=EN-US>”这一环节。老师通过问来创设问题情境,引导学生思维;学生通过问来反映疑难杂症,得到释疑解答。但是,问什么,怎么问,如何对待答的结果,却需要老师仔细揣摩。一旦处理不好,不仅不能完成教学任务,还会令学生在问题的轰炸中失去信心,无效学习。<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">  <SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p>

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">    <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">在讲授必修二第<SPAN lang=EN-US>13课《新潮冲击下的社会生活》时,为了让学生了解古代的服装,同时加深对中央集权制下森严等级制度的理解,我先展示了清朝官员服装的图案,后列出表格说明图案上的飞禽走兽,同时问:<SPAN lang=EN-US>“这些清朝的官服,反映出中国古代官服有何特点?<SPAN lang=EN-US>”教室里鸦雀无声。我又引导说:<SPAN lang=EN-US>“文官们的服装是飞禽,武官们的服装是走兽,不同的级别有不同的服装,这说明什么问题呢?<SPAN lang=EN-US>”学生们的想法还是<SPAN lang=EN-US>“千呼万唤不出来<SPAN lang=EN-US>”。我望向班里的<SPAN lang=EN-US>“历史<SPAN lang=EN-US>1号人物<SPAN lang=EN-US>”潘强,眼神里装满了期待。潘强也低下了头,我尴尬地绝望了,自报家门,按动鼠标,点出答案<SPAN lang=EN-US>——反映了清朝等级制度非常严格。学生们有点恍然大悟。<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">  <SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p>

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">    <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">反思这一幕,我犯了几大错误,直接导致了学生该讲时不讲而鸦雀无声。第一,古代服装只做为背景资料存在,目的是为了引出近代中山装、洋服、旗袍,在这个地方可以展示图片,直接说明特点,不必设问。设问有点喧宾夺主,浪费时间。第二,问题抛出来时过于简单、生硬、抽象,问<SPAN lang=EN-US>“官服有什么特点<SPAN lang=EN-US>”,学生可以从表面的颜色、图案来思考,不一定能够由表及里去思考问题。设问没有分层,缺乏梯度,学生思维跳不到那么高,也跳不了那么快。第三,我得急躁和对个别学生的偏爱,扼杀了课堂探讨时应该有的民主、轻松、自由、和谐的气氛,使好学生不敢说,而中低层次的学生不去想。<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">  <SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p>

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">    <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">高中历史的教学所要求的知识面更广、问题分析更深刻、看问题所站的角度更高。考虑高中学生的思维特点,提高高中历史教学的有效性,必须创设问题情境。如何创设问题情境呢?专家为我指出了三条路:一、层层设疑,二、结合史料,三、联系现实。<SPAN lang=EN-US>“层层设疑<SPAN lang=EN-US>”,我的理解是分成小步子来走。而怎么分,分多少步呢?这需要我们先摸清学生的学情。有些学生初中没学过历史,或者学得不认真,忘得七七八八。有些学生爱好历史,课外书读得多,知识积累丰富,一步就跨到终点。这些情况都需要我们综合考虑,面对大多数,因材施教。第二个要求是史料。我们是做为课堂主导者的老师,必须在日常的教学、阅读中积累更创新、更有趣、更直观的史料,包括图片、论述、表格、数字、实物、诗词、信件<SPAN lang=EN-US>……然后抓住史料与课标要求相契合的地方,巧妙设疑,向学生多方面展示历史这一过去的事实。最后,<SPAN lang=EN-US>“一切历史都是当代史<SPAN lang=EN-US>”,学习历史是为了认识现在,所以问题的设置也应结合现实,拉近历史与现实的距离、历史与学生的距离,培养学生的历史思维能力和分析解决问题的能力。<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">  <SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p>

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">第三例:玩玩新把戏<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">  <B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p>

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">    <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">自从高二第二学期开始,我在文科班的历史教学转为文科基础的复习备考。根据考纲的要求,文科基础的历史要复习政治、经济、文化三本书,以中等难度的试题为主。文理基做为一个全新的科目,<SPAN lang=EN-US>2007年的高考只考选择题,学生是有可能拿到高分的。对于处在高二复习阶段的历史教学,我们应该积极地抓住机会,勇敢地面对挑战。但是,我校文科班的学生总体上学习习惯比较差,如何引导他们更好的学好文基历史呢?这是至今仍困扰我的一大难题。<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">  <SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p>

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">    <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">在第一轮的复习中,我按照世界史、中国史两条线索,时空结合,整合原来的三个专题;又根据《中学历史教学》杂志上陈伟国所整理的人教、岳麓、人民、大象几个版本的知识体系,进行复习。我采取填空题的形式,主要根据岳麓版的课文进行挖空,引导学生复习课本,抓住主干知识。同时,每个考点加一两道高考例题,让学生熟悉高考的命题思路和角度。再配以<SPAN lang=EN-US>10道左右的选择题让学生随堂练习。课堂上,学生先填空,之后让一两个学生到黑板上把答案板书出来。之后再评讲例题,做选择题之后校对答案,最后针对学生错得较多的题目进行评讲。<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">  <SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p>

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">    <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">一开始这种方式学生还是蛮喜欢、蛮配合的,但两个月过去之后,情况发生了变化。<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">  <SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p>

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">    <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">这一天,我像往常一样,拿着一叠未填空的试卷来到高二(<SPAN lang=EN-US>13)班<SPAN lang=EN-US>——体育班。我每周在体育班只有一节课,他们由于早晨黄昏的训练,都显得比较劳累。我把试卷发下去,告诉他们今天要复习的考点。王崇拿到试卷后,大声叫了起来:<SPAN lang=EN-US>“老师,没书啊!<SPAN lang=EN-US>”“前几天检查,你们都有书啊!我还给你们加了分!<SPAN lang=EN-US>”他们叽叽喳喳的说:<SPAN lang=EN-US>“这还不容易,到别的班借来的,加完分就还回去了。<SPAN lang=EN-US>”我一阵晕眩,严肃地瞪着他们,装作后果很严重地问:<SPAN lang=EN-US>“那现在怎么办?<SPAN lang=EN-US>”王崇说:<SPAN lang=EN-US>“你抄答案出来吧!<SPAN lang=EN-US>”唉!是到如今,只好如此了,我想,只要后面的选择题他们能做出来,一样达到教学效果的。大部分学生应付性地记下了答案,有三分之一的体育生很快就睡着了。我把他们叫醒,他们行了几秒钟又想睡了。我再一次叫醒了其中的班干部林锦,他很生气很厌烦地抱怨说:<SPAN lang=EN-US>“你很烦哪!历史课总是这样!我考试之前看看书就可以通过啦!我现在实在很累,你还是让我睡吧!<SPAN lang=EN-US>”<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">  <SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p>

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">    <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">我非常震惊,没想到他会说出这番话。同时,我也陷入了反思:确确实实,这段时间我的上课方式千篇一律,没什么新意,学生不喜欢听,我是推卸不了责任的。面对高考升学的强大压力,师生都要积极主动地去面对。<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">  <SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p>

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">    <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">科任老师形成自己的课堂风格是非常必要的,为了复习的连贯,采取某一种方式也是可以理解的。但是,当学生长年累月接触一种教学方式的时候,他们也会形成类似于<SPAN lang=EN-US>“审美疲劳<SPAN lang=EN-US>”的<SPAN lang=EN-US>“课堂疲劳<SPAN lang=EN-US>”,这将直接导致课堂教学的低效甚至无效。因此,偶尔玩玩新把戏,搞搞新意思,多更新教学方式,历史教学的有效性才能提高。<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">  <SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p>

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"> <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">  <SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p>

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">    <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">我是文基的历史老师,要努力缓解学生的学习疲劳,采用更新鲜、更有趣、更多样的教学方式,让学生学得更开心一点,学得更好一点,学得更积极一点。而不是采取<SPAN lang=EN-US>“姜太公钓鱼,愿者上钩<SPAN lang=EN-US>”的无为态度,让学生来适应我的方式。所谓教学方式的有效性,应该是针对学生特点而采用的方式,是充分考虑学生现实状况的教学方式。<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">  <SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p>

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"> <B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">  <SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">          <SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> <B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">小结<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">  <B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p>

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">
<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">    <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">当我们回归课堂的本真时,当我们真正静下心来反思自己的教学行为时,我首先怀疑的是:我这样讲学生能不能懂?我这样问学生能不能答?我采用这种教学方式学生喜不喜欢?做为年轻老师的我们,就应该在这样的反思中,在这样对课堂瑕疵的苦苦寻找中,不断提高自己的教学水平和能力。<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">   <SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p>

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">    <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">在新课程改革的背景下,高中历史的有效性教学是一个常做常新的课题。我们要根据新课程的理念、高考政策的变化、学生的心理和学情、信息科学技术的改进等,相应地调整教学策略。<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">  <SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p>

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">    “<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">众里寻它千百度,蓦然回首,那人却在灯火阑珊处。<SPAN lang=EN-US>”在我们苦苦追寻高中历史的有效性教学时,不烦多回首,多反思,因为<SPAN lang=EN-US>——所谓成长,这是在反思中实现;所谓教学,正是在反思中提高;所谓有效性,正是在反思中显现!<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">  <SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p>

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">
<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"> <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">  <SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p>

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">参考书目:<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #373737; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">  <SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p>

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